\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex}
\begin{document}
	\begin{tikzpicture}[
		% 样式定义
		outer_node/.style={circle, fill=black, minimum size=4pt, inner sep=0pt},
		inner_node/.style={circle, fill=blue, minimum size=4pt, inner sep=0pt},
		label_node/.style={font=\small},
		line_style/.style={gray, thin}
		]
		
		% ========== 绘制双圆环 ==========
		\draw[line_style] (0,0) circle (4);   % 外圆环
		\draw[line_style] (0,0) circle (3);   % 中圆环
		\draw[line_style] (0,0) circle (2);   % 内圆环
		
		% ========== 外圆环固定节点（黑色） ==========
		\node[outer_node] (A) at (135:4) {};    % 顶部 E
		\node[outer_node] (B) at (90:4) {};    % 右侧 H
		\node[outer_node] (C) at (45:4) {};   % 底部 L
		\node[outer_node] (D) at (0:4) {};   % 左侧 O
		\node[outer_node] (E) at (315:4) {};   % 左侧 O
		\node[outer_node] (F) at (270:4) {};   % 左侧 O
		\node[outer_node] (G) at (225:4) {};   % 左侧 O
		\node[outer_node] (H) at (180:4) {};   % 左侧 O
		% ========== 内圆环蓝色节点及标签 ==========
		% 位置1 (元素1)
		\node[inner_node] (a) at (135:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (120:2.5) {位置1};
		\node[label_node] at (120:3.5) {元素8};
		
		% 位置2 (元素2)
		\node[inner_node] (b) at (90:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (75:2.5) {位置2};
		\node[label_node] at (75:3.5) {元素1};
		
		% 位置3 (元素3)
		\node[inner_node] (c) at (45:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (30:2.5) {位置3};
		\node[label_node] at (30:3.5) {元素2};
		
		% 位置4 (元素4)
		\node[inner_node] (d) at (0:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (345:2.5) {位置4};
		\node[label_node] at (345:3.5) {元素3};
		
		% 位置5 (元素5)
		\node[inner_node] (e) at (315:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (300:2.5) {位置5};
		\node[label_node] at (300:3.5) {元素4};
		
		% 位置6 (元素6)
		\node[inner_node] (f) at (270:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (255:2.5) {位置6};
		\node[label_node] at (255:3.5) {元素5};
		
		% 位置7 (元素7)
		\node[inner_node] (g) at (225:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (205:2.5) {位置7};
		\node[label_node] at (205:3.5) {元素6};
		
		% 位置8 (元素8)
		\node[inner_node] (h) at (180:2) {};
		\node[label_node] at (165:2.5) {位置8};
		\node[label_node] at (165:3.5) {元素7};
		
		% ========== 连接线段（灰色） ==========
		% E相关
		\draw[line_style] (A) -- (a) ;
		\draw[line_style] (B) -- (b) ;
		\draw[line_style] (C) -- (c) ;
		\draw[line_style] (D) -- (d) ;
		\draw[line_style] (E) -- (e) ;
		\draw[line_style] (F) -- (f) ;
		\draw[line_style] (G) -- (g) ;
		\draw[line_style] (H) -- (h) ;
	\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}